We are building EduLadder(ELADR) - Protocol

The Eladr Protocol is a decentralized, security and efficiency enhanced Web3 noSQL database powered by IPFS as the data storage layer https://ipfs.io/, and the Cardano block chain as the rewards token platform, https://cardano.org/. It provides a JSON based, IPFS layer 2 solution for data indexing and retrieval in an 'append only' file system built with open source Node.js API libraries.

The ELADR token was designed to incentivize and reward community members as a proof of contribution. Token holders are also granted access to EduLadder.com premium features as well as associated ELADR token enabled apps.

WHITE PAPER Buy Now Try BETA

Real Problems! Real Experts!

Join Our Telegram Channel !


The Eduladder is a community of students, teachers, and programmers. We help you to solve your academic and programming questions fast.
In eduladder you can Ask,Answer,Listen,Earn and Download Questions and Question papers.
Watch related videos of your favorite subject.
Connect with students from different parts of the world.
Apply or Post Jobs, Courses ,Internships and Volunteering opportunity. For FREE
See Our team
Wondering how we keep quality?
Got unsolved questions? Ask Questions

Sixth-Semester-BE-Degree-Examination-JuneJuly-2013-UNIX-System-Programming-->View question


Asked On2017-12-19 15:09:10 by:leo

Taged users:
Salomon-DalmetBrian

Likes:
Purnima

Dislikes:
Be first to dislike this question
Talk about this  Like  Dislike
View all questions
Answers
         
• Intermediate code Generation phase takes as input parse tree representation and generates an intermediate representation.
• So that the translation process can be done faster.
• Program that performs ICG is called Intermediate code Generation
• While translating a source program into a functionally equivalent object code representation, a parser may first generate an intermediate representation.
• This makes retargeting of the code possible and allows some optimizations to be carried out that would otherwise not be possible.
The following are commonly used intermediate representations:
Postfix notation
Syntax tree
Three-address code
1.Postfix notation
In postfix notation, the operator follows the operand. For example, in the expression ( a ˆ’ b ) * ( c + d ) + ( a ˆ’ b ), the postfix representation is: Ab – Cd * Ab - +
2.Syntax tree
The syntax tree is nothing more than a condensed form of the parse tree. The operator and keyword nodes of the parse tree are moved to their parent, and a chain of single productions is replaced by single link.

3.Three-address code
Three address code is a sequence of statements of the form x = y op z. Since a statement involves no more than three references, it is called a "three-address statement," and a sequence of such statements is referred to as three-address code.
For example, the three-address code for the expression a + b * c + d is:
**T1 = B * C
T2 = A + T2
T3 = T3 + D**
• Sometimes a statement might contain less than three references; but it is still called a three-address statement.
• The following are the three-address statements used to represent various programming language constructs:
• Used for representing arithmetic expressions:
**X = Y op Z
X = op Y
X = Y**
• Used for representing Boolean expressions:
**If A > B goto L
goto L**
• Used for representing array references and dereferencing operations:
**x = y[i]
x[i] = y
x = *y
x = y**
• Used for representing a procedure call:
**Param T
Call p, n**
Representation of three address code
Records with fields for the operators and operands can be used to represent three-address statements.
It is possible to use a record structure with four fields: the first holds the operator, the next two hold the operand1 and operand2, respectively, and the last one holds the result.
This representation of a three-address statement is called a "quadruple representation".
1. Quadruple Representation :
Using quadruple representation, the three-address statement x = y op z is represented by placing op in the operator field, y in the operand1 field, z in the operand2 field, and x in the result field.
The statement x = op y , where op is a unary operator, is represented by placing op in the operator field, y in the operand1 field, and x in the result field; the operand2 field is not used.
A statement like param t 1 is represented by placing param in the operator field and t 1 in the operand1 field; neither operand2 nor the result field are used.
Unconditional and conditional jump statements are represented by placing the target labels in the result field.
For example, a quadruple representation of the three-address code for the statement x = (a + b) * - c/d is shown in Table 6.1. The numbers in parentheses represent the pointers to the triple structure.

2. Triple Representation
The contents of the operand1, operand2, and result fields are therefore normally the pointers to the symbol records for the names represented by these fields.
Hence, it becomes necessary to enter temporary names into the symbol table as they are created.
This can be avoided by using the position of the statement to refer to a temporary value.
If this is done, then a record structure with three fields is enough to represent the three-address statements:
The first holds the operator value, and the next two holding values for the operand1 and operand2, respectively. Such a representation is called a "triple representation".
The contents of the operand1 and operand2 fields are either pointers to the symbol table records, or they are pointers to records (for temporary names) within the triple representation itself.
For example, a triple representation of the three-address code for the statement x = (a + b)* ˆ’ c/d.

1)Indirect Triple Representation
Another representation uses an additional array to list the pointers to the triples in the desired order.
This is called an indirect triple representation. For example, a triple representation of the three-address code for the statement x = ( a + b )* ˆ’ c/d

Comparison
By using quadruples, we can move a statement that computes A without requiring any changes in the statements using A, because the result field is explicit.
However, in a triple representation, if we want to move a statement that defines a temporary value, then we must change all of the pointers in the operand1 and operand2 fields of the records in which this temporary value is used.
Thus, quadruple representation is easier to work with when using an optimizing compiler, which entails a lot of code movement.
Indirect triple representation presents no such problems, because a separate list of pointers to the triple structure is maintained.
When statements are moved, this list is reordered, and no change in the triple structure is necessary; hence, the utility of indirect triples is almost the same as that of quadruples.


Answerd on:2018-06-06 Answerd By:aksingh1818

Likes:
|aksingh1818

Dislikes:
Be first to dislike this answer
Talk about this  Like  Dislike

Type your answer here in no less than 50 words :



Lets together make the web is a better place

We made eduladder by keeping the ideology of building a supermarket of all the educational material available under one roof. We are doing it with the help of individual contributors like you, interns and employees. So the resources you are looking for can be easily available and accessible also with the freedom of remix reuse and reshare our content under the terms of creative commons license with attribution required close.

You can also contribute to our vision of "Helping student to pass any exams" with these.
Answer a question: You can answer the questions not yet answered in eduladder.How to answer a question
Career: Work or do your internship with us.Work with us
Create a video: You can teach anything and everything each video should be less than five minutes should cover the idea less than five min.How to upload a video on eduladder