How long does a variable in a shell script last?

#!/bin/bash

# if we don't have a file, start at zero
if [ ! -f "/tmp/value.dat" ] ; then
  value=0

# otherwise read the value from the file
else
  value=`cat /tmp/value.dat`
fi

# increment the value
value=$((value + 1))

# show it to the user
echo "value: ${value}"

# and save it for next time
echo "${value}" > /tmp/value.dat

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